sICAM/CD54 ELISA Kit (Soluble Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 )

Full Name: sICAM/CD54 ELISA Kit (Soluble Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 )
Reactivity: Human
Sample Type: Serum, Tissue Homogenates, Plasma, Biological Fluids
Sensitivity: 0.469 ng/ml

INTRODUCTION

Soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1, CD54) belongs to family of ligands that are described as lymphocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1), they are responsible for mediating many different types of functions which includes cell mediated cytotoxicity, antigen independent conjugate formation, antigen induced proliferation of T-cells and inducing the production of antibody by spleen cells. .It is also used as a marker of inflammatory activity. of cells and tissues. sICAM-1 is a member of the Ig superfamily, ICAM-1, CD99 and CD200 are other members of this family.

It is released by macrophages as part of their inflammatory response to remove pathogens or foreign material. This process causes injury to the tissue as it causes an influx of neutrophils which cause damage to the tissue through activation of oxidative stress pathways.

sICAM-1 has been implicated in atherosclerosis and hypoxia induced retinopathy but there may be as many as hundred different functions. The binding of ligands molecules, mainly sICAM-1 with its receptor, ICAM-1R on endothelial cells enhances the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines. This allows the recruitment and activation of leukocytes in the area. The result is an acute inflammatory response where there is a marked increase in smooth muscle actin which leads to vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation which occurs through platelet activating factor release by activated platelets. In turn this causes increased coagulation factors to be released from megakaryocytes increasing blood clotting.

The expression of sICAM-1 is found to elevated at sites of inflammation; this can indicate a potential role in the mediation of lymphocyte influx into the inflammatory loci. ICAM-1/CD54 can be induced by many different cytokine and stress stimuli such as ultraviolet, hypoxia and ionising radiation. Soluble ICAMs are found on cells that are in contact with airway surface liquid, such as bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar membrane. In addition, they may be released by some immune cells that have been activated during stimulation, such as by TNF or other cytokines. They are in the same family as transmembrane ICAMs (tICAM), with tICAM being found on epithelial cells of the airway surface liquid, and sICAM found on immune cells. Like other ICAMs, soluble ICAM binds to its ligands via a transmembrane domain at the extracellular side. However, soluble ICAM lacks a transmembrane anchor and therefore can only bind to ligands outside the cell.

INTENDED USE

Human sICAM/CD54 ELISA kit is intended for detecting soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1, CD54, ICAM1, BB2, P3.58) using human samples of tissue homogenates, plasma, biological fluids and serum.

CONTENT

All reagents supplied need to be stored at 2 °C – 8 °C, unopened reagents will retain reactivity until expiration date. Do not use reagents beyond this date.

One 96-Well Plate: Pre-coated with anti- sICAM-1 antibody.
Standards: Lyophilized recombinant.
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer.
Biotinylated-labelled Antibdy.
Antibody Dilution Buffer.
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate (SABC).
SABC Dilution Buffer.
TMB Substrate.
Wash Buffer (25x).
Plate Sealer.
Product Instructions.

TYPICAL RESULTS

For this sICAM/CD54 ELISA kit it is recommended that a standard curve is generated for each assay carried out.

Standard Curve: 0, 0.781, 1.562, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 ng/ml.
Reactivity: Human
Sensitivity: 0.469 ng/ml
Range: 0.781 – 50 ng/ml
Principle: Sandwich
Application: Research Use Only.

ASSAY CHARACTERISTICS

– Specificity: Highly specific for sICAM-1, no cross reactivity or interference between sICAM-1and analogues was detected.
– Recovery: Serum (85 – 102%), EDTA Plasma (90 – 103%), Heparin Plasma (86 – 105%).
– Linearity: Serum (91 – 104%), EDTA Plasma (87 – 101%), Heparin Plasma (81 – 99%).
– Precison Intra-Assay: CV < 8%.
– Precison Inter-Assay: CV < 10%.
– Stability: Less than 10%.

REFERENCES

Circadian variations do not have a major impact on serum levels of soluble (S) L-selectin (CD63L), S-intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1/CD54) and thrombopoietin in healthy individuals. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. (2002) 62 (1): 75-9. Mosevold K.A. and Bruserud O.
Shedding of soluble ICAM-1 into the alveolar space in murine models of acute lung injury. J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. (2006) 290 (5): L962-70. Mendez M.P., et al.
Soluble ICAM-1 levels in the serum of endometriotic patients appear to be independent of medical treatment. J Reprod Immunol. (2001) 51 (1): 9-19. Matalliotakis I.M., et al.
sICAM-1 enhances cytokine production stimulated by alloantigen. Cell Immunol. (1993) 150 (2): 364-75. McCabe S.M., et al.

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