Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ELISA Kit (S1P)

INTENDED USE

Human sphingosine 1 phosphate ELISA kit can measure concentrations of S1P (sphingosine 1 phosphate) present is plasma, serum, biological fluids or tissue homogenate samples.

INTRODUCTION

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator regulating diverse cellular processes including survival, motility, differentiation, and immune cell trafficking. This pleiotropic lysophospholipid acts primarily by binding five specific G protein–coupled S1P receptors (S1PR1-5) triggering downstream signaling cascades that mediate physiological roles spanning embryogenesis to immunity against cancer. Additionally, S1P interacts with intracellular targets to directly modulate gene transcription, mRNA splicing, and histone acetylation underlying persistent cellular responses.

As a quintessential “inside-out” signaling molecule, S1P is synthesized within cells by phosphorylation of sphingosine and then exported out by transporters including spinster 2. This establishes tissue and blood S1P gradients detected by S1PRs on surrounding cells to regulate immune cell egress among other effects. For example, the steep S1P gradient between lymphoid organs and circulation enables lymphocyte sensing via S1PR1 triggering motility required for recirculation. Disruption of such carefully calibrated distribution compromises immune surveillance while also fostering pathways towards autoimmunity and chronic inflammation when unchecked.

Beyond immune consequences, intracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate partakes in epigenetic regulation by inhibiting chromatin modifiers that silence genes. This links certain growth signaling effects to inhibition of transcriptional repressors. Additionally, extracellular S1P modulates endothelial function, vascular maturation, heart rate, and smooth muscle responses through largely S1PR1/3 mediated mechanisms tied to pathologies like atherosclerosis and hypertension when imbalanced. Taken together, properly calibrated S1P signaling temporally and spatially enables physiological processes overseeing systemic development, tissue homeostasis and directed immune function.

CONTENT

All reagents supplied need to be stored at 2 °C – 8 °C, unopened reagents will retain reactivity until expiration date. Do not use reagents beyond this date.

• One 96-Well Plate: Pre-coated with anti-S1P antibody.
• Standards: Lyophilized recombinant.
• Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer.
• Biotinylated-labelled Antibody.
• Antibody Dilution Buffer.
• HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate (SABC).
• SABC Dilution Buffer.
• TMB Substrate.
• Wash Buffer (25x).
• Plate Sealer.
• Product Instructions.

TYPICAL RESULTS

For this S1P ELISA kit, it is recommended that a standard curve is generated for each assay carried out.

Standard Curve: 0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 ng/ml.
Reactivity: Human
Sensitivity: 1.875 ng/ml
Range: 3.125 – 200 ng/ml
Principle: Sandwich, Double Antibody
Application: Research Use Only.

ASSAY CHARACTERISTICS

– Specificity: Highly specific for S1P, no cross reactivity or interference between S1P and analogues was detected.
– Recovery: Serum (94 – 104%), EDTA Plasma (87 – 101%), Heparin Plasma (94 – 104%).
– Linearity: Serum (88 – 99%), EDTA Plasma (84 – 95%), Heparin Plasma (80 – 100%).
– Precison Intra-Assay: CV < 8%
– Precison Inter-Assay: CV < 10%

REFERENCES

1. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: Lipid signaling in pathology and therapy. Science. (2019) 366 (6463): eaar5551. Cartier A. and Hla T.
2. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors: Promising drug targets for treating bone-related diseases. J Cell Mol Med. (2020) 24 (8): 4389-4401. Zhang L., et al.
3. S1P (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate)-Induced Vasodilation in Human Resistance Arterioles During Health and Disease. Hypertension. (2022) 79 (10): 2250-2261. Katunaric B., et al.
4. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and cancer. Adv Biol Regul. (2018) 68: 97-106. Pyne N.J., et al.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

• Full Name: Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ELISA Kit (S1P)
• Reactivity: Human
• Sample Type: Plasma, Tissue Homogenates, Serum, Biological Fluids
• Sensitivity: 1.875 ng/ml

OTHER RELATED ELISA KITS

• Protein Wnt-7a ELISA Kit
• PICP ELISA Kit
• Protein Wnt-7a ELISA Kit