Anti-NMDAR Antibody ELISA Kit

INTENDED USE

Human anti-NMDAR antibody ELISA kit can measure concentrations of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antibody (anti-NMDAR antibody) present is plasma, serum, biological fluids or tissue homogenate samples.

INTRODUCTION

Anti-NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of neuronal NMDA receptors. Patients exhibit prominent psychiatric symptoms including psychosis, catatonia, memory deficits, and seizures frequently progressing to a state of unresponsiveness resembling coma. This reflects the critical roles NMDARs containing GluN1 subunits play in cognitive functions and synaptic plasticity, which become impaired by antibody-mediated downregulation.

Pathologically, these autoantibodies arise from an ovarian teratoma or other neoplasms which express neural-type antigens on their cell surface. Exposure leads to loss of immune tolerance and production of IgG targeting extracellular epitopes on GluN1 subunits. Consequently, patients’ antibodies enter the brain and bind surface-expressed NMDARs. This crosslinking and subsequent capping and internalization of receptors disrupts excitatory transmission mediated by glutamate. If untreated, compensatory synaptic remodeling normalizes circuit activity but often leaves irreversible memory and motor deficits.

Supportive care and Immunotherapy helps most patients recover substantial neurological function with treatment. First-line interventions focus on tumor resection, plasma exchange removing anti-NMDAR antibodies, corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin to dampen antibody production, and complications management. Aggressive symptom control via psychotropic medications and anesthetics helps counter the severe presentations during acute phases. Gradual neurological improvement typically follows over months though some residual psychiatric symptoms may persist. Timely diagnosis and management is imperative for maximizing the prospects of full recovery and minimizing lasting impairments.

CONTENT

All reagents supplied need to be stored at 2 °C – 8 °C, unopened reagents will retain reactivity until expiration date. Do not use reagents beyond this date.

One 96-Well Plate: Pre-coated with anti-NMDAR antibody.
Standards: Lyophilized recombinant.
Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer.
Biotinylated-labelled Antibody.
Antibody Dilution Buffer.
HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate (SABC).
SABC Dilution Buffer.
TMB Substrate.
Wash Buffer (25x).
Plate Sealer.
Product Instructions.

TYPICAL RESULTS

For this anti-NMDAR ELISA kit, it is recommended that a standard curve is generated for each assay carried out.

Standard Curve: 0, 1.562, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 ng/ml.
Reactivity: Human
Sensitivity: 0.938 ng/ml
Range: 1.563 – 100 ng/ml
Principle: Sandwich, Double Antibody
Application: Research Use Only.

ASSAY CHARACTERISTICS

– Specificity: Highly specific for NMDAR antibody, no cross reactivity or interference between NMDAR antibody and analogues was detected.
– Recovery: Serum (86 – 102%), EDTA Plasma (89 – 105%), Heparin Plasma (89 – 103%).
– Linearity: Serum (90 – 103%), EDTA Plasma (87 – 105%), Heparin Plasma (88 – 97%).
– Precison Intra-Assay: CV < 8%
– Precison Inter-Assay: CV < 10%

REFERENCES

Contemporary advances in anti-NMDAR antibody (Ab)-mediated encephalitis. Autoimmun Rev. (2022) 21 (4): 103057. Seery N., et al.
Catatonia secondary to anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis: a review. CNS Spectr. (2020) 25 (4): 475-492. Marques Macedo I. and Gama Marques J.
Current Progress on Assessing the Prognosis for Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) Encephalitis. Biomed Res Int. (2020) 2020: 7506590. Wang H. and Xiao Z.
Screening for anti-NMDAR encephalitis in psychiatry. J Psychiatr Res. (2020) 125: 28-32. Warren N., et al.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Full Name: Anti-NMDAR Antibody ELISA Kit (Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Receptor Antibody)
Reactivity: Human
Sample Type: Plasma, Tissue Homogenates, Serum, Biological Fluids
Sensitivity: 0.938 ng/ml

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