Prion-Like Protein Doppel ELISA Kit (PRND)

Full Name: Prion-Like Protein Doppel ELISA Kit (PRND)
Reactivity: Human
Sample Type: Plasma, Tissue Homogenates, Serum, Biological Fluids
Sensitivity: 0.094 ng/ml

INTRODUCTION

PRND, known as prion-like protein doppel, is a glycoprotein exhibiting similarities to the abnormally folded prion protein PrP involved in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Though potentially neurotoxic in certain abnormal contexts, PRND demonstrates important developmental roles in normal physiology.

Like the dominant prion protein PrP, PRND adopts complex folding enabling disease-associated conversions to pathogenic conformers. Various lines of evidence connect errant PRND to cerebellar neurodegeneration. PRND overexpression causes Purkinje cell death in mice. And PRND deposits accumulate in human brain diseases like multiple system atrophy and certain spinocerebellar ataxias. Possibly underlying these neurotoxic effects, misfolded PRND conformers may corrupt native PRND’s structure through pathological seeding mechanisms reminiscent of damaging prion propagations.

However, unlike PrP knockout models which remain mostly asymptomatic, PRND deficiency causes detrimental perinatal effects including uncoordinated movement, ataxia, and death within weeks after birth. This reveals a vital developmental function for endogenously expressed PRND in the prenatal and early postnatal central nervous system. PRND likely contributes to neuronal growth, survival, or differentiation pathways necessary for proper maturation. Just how PRND transitions between beneficial versus harmful conformations and activities remains unclear.

INTENDED USE

Human Prion-Like Protein Doppel ELISA kit can measure concentrations of PRND (Prion-Like Protein Doppel, DPL, Dublet, PrPLP, prion protein 2) present is plasma, serum, biological fluids or tissue homogenate samples.

CONTENT

All reagents supplied need to be stored at 2 °C – 8 °C, unopened reagents will retain reactivity until expiration date. Do not use reagents beyond this date.

• One 96-Well Plate: Pre-coated with anti- PRND.
• Standards: Lyophilized recombinant.
• Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer.
• Biotinylated-labelled Antibody.
• Antibody Dilution Buffer.
• HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate (SABC).
• SABC Dilution Buffer.
• TMB Substrate.
• Wash Buffer (25x).
• Plate Sealer.
• Product Instructions.

TYPICAL RESULTS

For this Prion-Like Protein Doppel ELISA kit, it is recommended that a standard curve is generated for each assay carried out.

Standard Curve: 0, 0.156, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 ng/ml.
Reactivity: Human
Sensitivity: 0.094 ng/ml
Range: 0.156 – 10 ng/ml
Principle: Sandwich, Double Antibody
Application: Research Use Only.

ASSAY CHARACTERISTICS

– Specificity: Highly specific for PRND, no cross reactivity or interference between PRND and analogues was detected.
– Recovery: Serum (95 – 102%), EDTA Plasma (85 – 103%), Heparin Plasma (88 – 105%).
– Linearity: Serum (85 – 105%), EDTA Plasma (82 – 89%), Heparin Plasma (87 – 98%).
– Precison Intra-Assay: CV < 8%
– Precison Inter-Assay: CV < 10%

REFERENCES

1. Doppel: more rival than double to prion. Neuroscience. (2006) 141 (1): 1-8. Qin K., et al.
2. Targeting prion-like protein doppel selectively suppresses tumor angiogenesis. J Clin Invest. (2016) 126 (4): 1251-66. Al-Hilal T.A., et al.
3. Stability and conformational properties of doppel, a prion-like protein, and its single-disulphide mutant. Biochem J. (2003) 373 (Pt 2): 485-94. Whyte S.M., et al.
4. Diagnostic value of PRND gene expression profiles in astrocytomas: relationship to tumor grades of malignancy. Oncol Rep. (2007) 17 (5): 989-96. Comincini S., et al.

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