TSG101: Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 Protein and Its Role in Cellular Processes

Structure and Function

The TSG101 protein, weighing 101 kilodaltons and produced by the TSG101 gene situated on chromosome 11 possesses a domain called the Ubiquitin E2 Variant (UEV) domain that enables interactions, with various proteins engaged in endocytic processes. This UEV domain plays a part in facilitating TSG101s involvement, in functions related to sorting and breaking down proteins.

Important functions:

1. The important task of sorting and trafficking is carried out by TSG101 in the ESCRT pathway that helps sort proteins into MVBs, for degradation in lysosomes crucial, for maintaining cellular balance and controlling the breakdown of membrane proteins.
2. The control of the cell cycle involves TSG101. Plays a role, in moving from G₁ phase into S phase smoothly and effectively in order for cells to function properly and prevent excessive cell proliferation.
3. TSG101 is known for its involvement, in the budding process of viruses, like the human immunodeficiency virus (or HIV). It works together with proteins to help them become part of formed viruses and support their replication within the body.

Cancer Biology

TSG101 has been widely researched in relation, to cancer due to its connection to tumor vulnerability. Changes in the expression and role of TSG101 have been associated with types of cancers such, as breast cancer, colorectal cancer and glioblastoma.

Tumor Suppression: Often considered a tumor suppressor is TSG101 due, to its expression levels in cancer types leading to heightened cell proliferation and invasion when lost its restoration, in cancer cells has been proven to impede tumor growth and metastasis showing promise as a treatment target

Cell Adhesion and Migration: TSG101 plays a role, in cell adhesion and migration which’re crucial for the spread of cancer in the body. Its connections with molecules involved in cell adhesion and communication pathways can affect how cancer cells spread to parts of the body. Research indicates that TSG101 might control the shift from cells to mesenchymal cells (EMT) a crucial process, in cancer spread where epithelial cells gain abilities to move and invade surrounding tissues.

Biomarker Potential: TSG101 has sparked interest as a biomarker, for diagnosing and predicting cancer due to its expression in cancerous tissues. Tweaks in TSG101 levels may offer insights into the advancement of tumors and how well treatments work, supply data, for tailoring treatments to individual’s needs.

Viral Pathogenesis

TSG101 plays a part not, in cancer but also in viral pathogenesis by being an essential component of the ESCRT pathway that is pivotal, for the budding of enveloped viruses.

HIV: Research has demonstrated that TSG101 interacts with the HIV Gag protein to help pack proteins into budding virions. When TSG101 function is blocked it decreases HIV replication which indicates that focusing on this interaction could pave the way, for approaches.

Other Viruses: TSG101 plays a role, in the budding process of viruses apart from HIV1 like Ebola virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (EVSV). Exploring TSG101’s function in the life cycles of these viruses may offer information for developing treatments and vaccines, against infections.

Future Directions and Therapeutic Potential

Exploring the functions of TSG101, in cancer and viral disease paves the way for numerous promising treatment possibilities to surface.

Target TSG101 in Cancer Therapy: Restoring the function of TSG101 or boosting its expression in cancer cells could present an approach to treatment. Methods that regulate the activity of TSG101 might assist in slowing down tumor growth and spread providing options, for treating cancer.

Antiviral Approaches: Considering its involvement, in the process of release from cells through budding process and its significance in this context of virology TSG101 emerges as a target for antiviral treatments. If the interactions between TSG101 and viral proteins are obstructed it could hinder the replication of viruses suggesting a potential method, for addressing infections triggered by HIV and other enveloped viruses.

Biomarker Development|: Exploring TSG101’s expression in types of cancer could potentially make it a useful biomarker, for detection and tracking disease progression, in patients.

Suitable ELISA Kits

• TSG101 ELISA Kit
• Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 Protein ELISA Kit