OGG1 (8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase): Guardian of Genomic Integrity

OGGI (also known as 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase) is an enzyme involved in fixing DNA damages to keep our genetic material stable and safeguard against mutations. This versatile enzyme has functions. It works as a N-glycosylase and a DNA lyase. Plays a key role, in the base excision repair (BER) specifically focusing on repairing a common type of oxidative damage, in DNA known as 8-oxoguanine (or simply 8-oxo G).

Structure and Enzymatic Mechanism

OGG1 is a member of the helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) superfamily of DNA glycosylases. The human OGG1 gene encodes multiple splice variants, with the α-OGG1 being the major form localized to the nucleus. The enzyme’s structure comprises two main domains:

An N-terminal domain containing the catalytic core

A C-terminal domain responsible for DNA binding and recognition

The enzymatic mechanism of OGG1 occurs in two distinct steps:

First, it acts as a glycosylase, cleaving the N-glycosidic bond between the damaged base and the deoxyribose sugar

Second, through its lyase activity, it creates a single-strand break at the resulting a basic site via β-elimination

This dual functionality makes OGG1 particularly efficient in initiating the repair process of oxidative DNA damage.

Biological Functions and Significance

OGGIs main role is to safeguard cells from the impacts of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) a form of oxidative damage, in DNA molecules that can cause mutations when paired with cytosine and adenine during the replication process if not corrected promptly.

Essential functions, in the field of biology encompassing;

Removing 8-oxoGuanoSine from DNA.

Avoiding the buildup of mutations to maintain stability.

Safeguarding the body from harm caused by stress.

Preserving the integrity of DNA.

Controlling gene activity, through functions not related to DNA repair.

Recent research has also uncovered functions of OGG in controlling gene expression and inflammatory responses which indicate impacts, in biological processes, beyond just DNA repair work.

Disease Associations and Clinical Relevance

Dysfunction or deficiency of OGG1 has been linked to various pathological conditions:

Cancer

Reduced OGG1 activity is associated with increased cancer risk

Polymorphisms in the OGG1 gene have been linked to various cancer types

Loss of function can contribute to genomic instability

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Decreased OGG1 function is observed in Alzheimer’s disease

Oxidative DNA damage accumulation in neurons

Potential role in age-related cognitive decline

Aging-Related Conditions

Reduced repair capacity in aged tissues

Accumulation of oxidative DNA damage

Contribution to cellular senescence

Future Perspectives

The study of research is constantly. Has various important areas of concentration.

1. Exploring the control of OGG1 function
2. Explaining functions that’re not part of the standard canon
3. Creating approaches, for treating illnesses in an efficient manner
4. Exploring the impact of aging, on health and age-related conditions

As we delve deeper into the realm of OGG1 research and advancements unfold in this enzyme’s domain of study some groundbreaking treatment options, for conditions linked to DNA harm could potentially surface.

Suitable ELISA Kits

• OGG1 ELISA Kit
• N-Glycosylase/DNA Lyase ELISA Kit