CD19: A Critical B Cell Surface Protein in Immunity and Therapeutic Applications

Structure and Molecular Properties

CD19 is a 95 kDa a transmembrane protein found on cell membranes that plays a role, in the B cell receptor (BCR) complex as part of the immunoglobulin family structure with two exterior immunoglobulin like parts and sections for membrane and cytoplasm with multiple phosphorylated tyrosine residues upon activation that act as connection points, for signalling molecules carrying SH2 domains. The cytoplasmic part connects with proteins, inside the cell like PI3K, Lyn and Vav enabling CD19 to act as a vital messenger molecule for signalling pathways in the body’s defence system. The proteins design remains similar, across species underscoring its role in how the immune system works.

Expression Pattern and Developmental Regulation

CD19 is mainly found in B cells. Is considered an indicator of B-cell lineage due, to its consistent presence throughout B cell development stages from early pro-B cells to plasma cells formation as it disappears upon terminal differentiation phase. The levels of protein expression undergo regulation at phases of B cell growth which can impact the function and destiny choices of B cells significantly. The presence of CD19 is also observed in cells but its function, in these cells remains not fully clear. Analysis of CD19’s expression pattern has been extremely helpful for uses. Targeting therapies, for B-cell related conditions.

Role in B Cell Signalling and Function

CD19 plays a role, in controlling how B cells react by influencing both the way signals are transmitted. The decisions cells make about their fate. It works together with the BCR as a co-receptor to make it easier for B cells to become activated when they recognize antigens. Through its connection, with CD21 (complement receptor 2) and CD81, CD19 creates a group that links the body’s natural defence system with its reactions by responding to antigens labelled with complement. This group boosts the signalling of the BCR, which results in increased growth of B cells their specialization and production of antibodies. CD19 also has a function, in preserving B cell tolerance by controlling the intensity of BCR signalling in the process of B cell maturation and aiding in the removal of self-reactive B cells through a process known as selection.

Involvement in Disease and Pathology

The irregularity, in how CD19’s expressed or functions is connected to illnesses like autoimmune disorders and B cell cancers. In cases of diseases a change in CD19 signalling can result in the weakening of B cell tolerance which can lead to the creation of autoantibodies.   Abnormal CD19 expression or signalling is frequently observed in B cell lymphomas and leukemias making it a crucial tool for diagnosis and treatment. Lack of CD19 expression may lead to deficiency stressing its significance, in maintaining an immune system.

Therapeutic Applications and Future Perspectives

CD19 has become a focus, for treatment methods in cases of B cell cancers and autoimmune disorders specifically targeted at treating B cell leukemias and lymphomas through innovative CAR-T cell therapy efforts which have shown exceptional outcomes in challenging instances before. Additionally, strategies involving CD19 monoclonal. Antibody drug conjugates are displaying encouraging results in ongoing clinical studies by leveraging the unique expression of CD19 specific, to B cells to target only the harmful B cells while leaving other immune cells untouched. As we delve deeper into the realm of CD19 biology insights expand into strategies to cater to the requirements of individuals, with B cell related conditions more effectively.

Suitable ELISA Kits

• CD19 ELISA Kit
• Cluster Of Differentiation 19 ELISA Kit