Alpha-Lactalbumin ELISA Kit (LALBA)

INTENDED USE

Human alpha-lactalbumin ELISA kit can measure concentrations of signal transducer and activator of LALBA (alpha-lactalbumin, α-La) present is plasma, serum, biological fluids or tissue homogenate samples. This assay has a minimum sensitivity detection limit of 0.375 ng/ml.

INTRODUCTION

Alpha-lactalbumin possesses a globular structure stabilized by four disulfide bonds and undergoes significant conformational changes depending on environmental factors like calcium ion concentration. In its calcium-bound “holo” form, it serves as a regulatory subunit that binds to and modifies the substrate specificity of galactosyltransferase, an integral membrane enzyme found in the lactating mammary gland. This forms a protein complex capable of producing lactose from glucose and UDP-galactose, fueling milk production and enabling milk to serve as sustenance due to its excess lactose draws in water. Without alpha-lactalbumin, the mammary gland produces only trace amounts of lactose.

The essentiality of alpha-lactalbumin for lactose synthesis makes it attractive as a biomarker of mammary function and different pathological states of the lactating breast. For example, alpha-lactalbumin levels often increase substantially in serum during lactation-associated mastitis. A more complex form of alpha-lactalbumin called HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) has promising antitumor activities, inducing apoptosis in tumor cells while sparing healthy differentiated cells.

As a member of the lysozyme gene family, it shares genetic ancestry with the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme; however, it does not exhibit innate antimicrobial activity despite having high structural similarity to lysozyme.

CONTENT

All reagents supplied need to be stored at 2 °C – 8 °C, unopened reagents will retain reactivity until expiration date. Do not use reagents beyond this date.

• One 96-Well Plate: Pre-coated with anti-LALBA antibody.
• Standards: Lyophilized recombinant.
• Sample/Standard Dilution Buffer.
• Biotinylated-labelled Antibody.
• Antibody Dilution Buffer.
• HRP-Streptavidin Conjugate (SABC).
• SABC Dilution Buffer.
• TMB Substrate.
• Wash Buffer (25x).
• Plate Sealer.
• Product Instructions.

TYPICAL RESULTS

For this alpha-lactalbumin ELISA kit, it is recommended that a standard curve is generated for each assay carried out.

Standard Curve: 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 ng/ml.
Reactivity: Human
Sensitivity: 0.375 ng/ml
Range: 0.625 – 40 ng/ml
Principle: Sandwich, Double Antibody
Application: Research Use Only.

ASSAY CHARACTERISTICS

– Specificity: Highly specific for LALBA, no cross reactivity or interference between LALBA and analogues was detected.
– Recovery: Serum (88 – 100%), EDTA Plasma (85 – 102%), Heparin Plasma (90 – 99%).
– Linearity: Serum (85 – 97%), EDTA Plasma (83 – 97%), Heparin Plasma (87 – 96%).
– Precison Intra-Assay: CV < 8%
– Precison Inter-Assay: CV < 10%

REFERENCES

1. Endosperm-specific accumulation of human α-lactalbumin increases seed lysine content in maize. Plant Cell Rep. (2022) 41 (10): 2023-2035. Li C., et al.
2. Discrimination by RT-Nested PCR of Alpha-Lactalbumin Transcript Expression in Mammary Tumors. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. (2019) 38 (4): 313-327. Bessrour I., et al.
3. Mechanism underlying the modulation of milk production by incomplete milking. J Dairy Sci. 2023 Jan;106(1):783-791. Deacon A.M., et al.
4. Genetic variation at the caprine lactalbumin, alpha (LALBA) gene and its association with milk lactose concentration. Anim Genet. (2014) 45 (4): 612-3. Zidi A., et al.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

• Full Name: Alpha-Lactalbumin ELISA Kit (LALBA)
• Reactivity: Human
• Sample Type: Plasma, Tissue Homogenates, Serum, Biological Fluids
• Sensitivity: 0.375 ng/ml

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