Alpha-1 Antitrypsin ELISA Kit (A1AT)

Full Name: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin ELISA Kit (A1AT)
Reactivity: Human
Sample Type: Plasma, Serum
Sensitivity: 0.312 ng/ml

INTRODUCTION

Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT, ATT) is an essential serine proteinase inhibitor that plays a key role in human health. It is the most abundant serpin found in human plasma and serves to protect the lungs from inflammation and injury. It is composed of a single polypeptide chain, which folds into its active form in the cytosol and binds to calcium ions. The cysteine residue at position 201 plays an essential role in the formation of this tight ion-binding site.

The gene for human A1AT is also known as the “lung serpin gene.” The protein is encoded by a single exon on chromosome 2. It has been hypothesized that, “in susceptible people with bronchiectasis or COPD, mutations in a rare allele of the AT gene can result decreasing production of A1-antitrypsin and cause dysfunction of protease-mediated mechanisms that protect the lungs from oxidative stress.

Alpha 1-antitrypsin is primarily expressed in lung tissue and is thought to play an important role in pulmonary homeostasis. Deficiency is associated with several congenital diseases such as Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) deficiency, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), Type I collagen disorder, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Cowden syndrome and a deficiency of hexosaminidase A. A1AT is a serine protease inhibitor found at high levels in the lungs, binds to and inactivates many enzymes that participate in inflammation, tissue destruction and remodelling, such as elastase, kinins like kallikrein and other proteases.

Alpha 1-antitrypsin also inhibits neutrophil migration. It is synthesized by granules of cells called alveolar macrophages in the lungs where it functions as a defence against invading organisms. It is a glycoprotein of 286 amino acids, with 18.4% sequence identity to human serum albumin. It has four disulfide bridges and six alpha helices that run in parallel. It is a single-chain globular protein with three transmembrane domains, and a large insertion domain at the N-terminus that brings side chains of hydrophobic residues into contact with the lipid membrane.

INTENDED USE

Human alpha-1 antitrypsin ELISA kit is designed for measuring amounts of alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT, ATT) using human plasma or serum samples.

CONTENT

All reagents supplied need to be stored at 2 °C – 8 °C, unopened reagents will retain reactivity until expiration date. Do not use reagents beyond this date.

• Microtitre Strips (96 Wells): Coated polyclonal antibody against A1AT.
• 10x Wash Buffer.
• 5x Assay Buffer.
• 100x Detection Antibody Buffer: Labelled HRP polyclonal antibody.
• Standard: Lypohilized native.
• Substrate Solution.
• Stop Solution.

TYPICAL RESULTS

For the following alpha-1 antitrypsin ELISA kit it is recommended that a standard curve is generated for each assay carried out.

Standard Curve: 0, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 ng/ml.

ASSAY CHARACTERISTICS

– Sensitivity: 0.312 ng/ml.
– Assay Range: 0.312 – 20 ng/ml.
– Other Names: A1AT, Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, SERPINA1, AAT, A1AP, Alpha1AT.

REFERENCES

1.  Alpha-1-antitrypsin. A novel biomarker for obesity in humans. Saudi Med J. (2013) 34 (1): 34-9. Xue G.B., et al.
2. Differentially expressed glycosylated patterns of α-1-antitrypsin as serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Glycobiology. (2015) 25 (3): 331-40. Liang Y., et al.
3. Urinary Biomarkers for Detection of Clinical Endometriosis or Adenomyosis. Biomedicines. (2022) 10 (4): 833. Chen W.C., et al.
4. Investigation of CCL18 and A1AT as potential urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer detection. BMC Urol. (2013) 13: 42. Miyake M., et al.

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